What is a key difference between a "macro" photo and a "close-up" photo?

A key difference between macro photography and close-up photography lies in the magnification capabilities and the technical requirements involved in capturing images of small subjects. Macro photography specifically involves capturing small subjects at a 1:1 ratio or greater, meaning the subject is reproduced on the camera's sensor at life size or larger. This level of detail often requires specialized lenses known as macro lenses, which allow for a higher degree of magnification and detail than standard lenses can provide.

In contrast, close-up photography may focus on larger subjects but is not bound by the same strict definition of magnification. Close-up shots can be achieved with regular lenses and may not require the same precision or equipment as macro photography. Therefore, the requirement for specialized equipment, such as macro lenses, is a defining factor that differentiates macro photography from close-up photography.