What effect does a long shutter speed typically have on a photograph?

A long shutter speed allows the camera's sensor to be exposed to light for an extended period, which directly increases the exposure time. This longer exposure captures more light, which can enhance the brightness of the image. It is particularly useful in low-light situations, enabling photographers to gather sufficient light to create a well-exposed photograph.

While a long shutter speed can create stunning effects, such as motion blur that emphasizes the movement of subjects (like flowing water or moving clouds), the fundamental principle remains that the longer the shutter is open, the more light is let in, thus increasing exposure time. This is essential for achieving specific artistic effects or ensuring proper exposure in challenging lighting conditions.