What do automated or pre-programmed settings in a camera primarily control?

Automated or pre-programmed settings in a camera primarily control aperture, ISO, and shutter speed because these three components are essential in determining the exposure of an image.

Aperture refers to the lens opening that allows light to enter the camera; it affects both exposure and depth of field. ISO measures the camera's sensitivity to light; higher ISO values allow for better performance in low-light conditions but can introduce noise. Shutter speed controls the amount of time the camera’s sensor is exposed to light, influencing motion blur and exposure levels.

Together, these settings form the exposure triangle, which is fundamental for achieving well-exposed photographs. In automated modes, the camera adjusts these parameters based on the lighting conditions to ensure optimal exposure, making it easier for photographers to capture images without manual adjustments.

The other options, while related to photography, do not primarily encompass the main functions of automated settings. Focus and exposure are indeed crucial, but the automated settings specifically modify the exposure parameters. Lens and frame rate pertain more to video or specific lens functionalities, and color balance and contrast involve post-processing or settings that are not typically controlled by automated camera modes.