In "panning," which two elements can be in motion?

In panning, the technique involves moving the camera along with a moving subject to capture the sense of motion while keeping the subject relatively sharp in the frame. This technique results in a blurred background, which enhances the perception of speed and movement.

In this context, both the subject and the camera are in motion. The photographer tracks the subject's movement with the camera, creating a dynamic image that emphasizes the action. The blurred background is a result of the camera's motion, while the subject remains the focus of the sharp detail, illustrating the concept of motion effectively.

Other options do not convey the principle of panning as effectively. For example, a static background and lighting would not contribute to the dynamic effect of panning since the technique relies on the interaction between the moving subject and the camera's motion.